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Jackson TA, Hesslein RH & Schindler DW (1980) Experimental study of trace metal chemistry in soft water lakes at different pH levels. 24: 141–151įisher NS (1986) On the reactivity of metals for marine phytoplankton. Department of Biology, McGill University, 169 pĮvans RD & Rigler FH (1985) Long distance transport of anthropogenic lead as measured by lake sediments. 23: 1047–1056Įvans RD (1980) Measurement of sediment accumulation and phosphorus retention using Pb-210 dating. 40: 570–579Įvans LJ (1989) Chemistry of metal retention by soils. 40: 925–934Įvans HE, Smith PJ & Dillon PJ (1983) Anthropogenic zinc and cadmium burdens in sediments of selected southern Ontario lakes. Hydrobiologia 91: 121–130Įmerson S (1976) Early diagenesis in anaerobic lake sediments: chemical equilibria in interstitial waters. Biogeochemistry 5: 201–220ĭillon PJ & Evans RD (1982) Whole lake Pb burdens in sediments of lakes in southern Ontario, Canada. Science 204: 304–306ĭillon PJ, Evans HE & Scholer PJ (1988) The effects of acidification on mental budgets of lakes and catchments. 49: 1753–1764Ĭronan CS & Schofield CL (1979) Aluminum leaching response to acid precipitation: effects on high elevation watersheds in the north east. 26: 361–366Ĭarignan R & Nriagu JO (1985) Trace metal geochemistry in the sediments of two lakes near Sudbury, Ontario. Eldigio Press, New York, 689 pĬarignan R & Flett RJ (1981) Postdepositional mobility of phosphorus in lake sediments. The export coefficients are not only simpler to obtain than by mass balance measurements, but, in addition, identify the anthropogenic component.īroecker WS & Peng T-H (1983) Tracers in the Sea. Quebec, 950 mg *m −2: Laurentians, north of Montreal, 420 mg *m −2). Sediment metal burdens provide a relatively easy way to obtain not only metal export coefficients from drainage basins, but also the atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic metals (e.g. The export coefficients of the Pb corrected metals correlate well with ocean residence time, revealing a similar metal sorption/precipitation sequence in both soils and oceans. Zn showed no increase with drainage ratio, indicating Zn to be effectively retained by catchments. Among the metals, Cr and Ni were the most readily exported from drainage basins, followed by Cu. The anthropogenic Pb burdens were then used as a correction for focusing for the other metals. As the whole-lake Pb burdens did not differ among lakes that spanned over two orders of magnitude in drainage ratios (drainage basin area/lake area), we conclude that catchment retention of anthropogenic Pb is complete. To do this, we first collected multiple cores across 11 lake basins to estimate the whole-lake Pb burdens.

We determine the anthropogenic lake sediment burdens of Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Pb for several Quebec and Ontario lakes, not subject to point source loading, to obtain estimates of atmospheric loading and inputs from terrestrial sources. Although catchments have been implicated as an important source of metals to lakes, the catchment contribution of different metals is poorly known, and the anthropogenic contribution is not known at all.

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